{"id":7090,"date":"2014-04-02T08:00:11","date_gmt":"2014-04-02T07:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mzabmedia.com\/portal\/old?p=7090"},"modified":"2023-11-20T20:29:26","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T19:29:26","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a6%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b0%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a6%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mzabmedia.com\/?p=7090","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0623\u0623\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 *** \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642\u064a. (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u061f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u063a\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1882\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une r\u00e9sistance sournoise s’instaure dans les sept villes du M’zab ; cet aspect d’opposition est cristallis\u00e9 par un lettr\u00e9 de Beni-Isguen, cheikh Mohammed Atfieche. (M. C. Grossmann, Le r\u00e9formisme ibadite en Alg\u00e9rie<\/i>, p. 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f (1874-1966)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0647 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Le Cheikh Atfyech ne fut pas le moins ardent \u00e0 montrer combien l\u2019annexion de son pays lui d\u00e9plaisait. (\u2026) Cette attitude hostile fut celle qu\u2019il garde jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de sa vie. (\u2026) Ses nombreuses et v\u00e9h\u00e9mentes protestations \u00e0 l\u2019adresse des chefs du gouvernement fran\u00e7ais contre ce qu\u2019il appelait : ces injustes oppressions envers les musulmans de l\u2019Afrique du nord), \u2026 \u00bb. (P. Louis David, Le Cheikh Atfyech<\/i>, in\u00e9dit).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– “\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f”. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1855. \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– “\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644”\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a : ” \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0640 (\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0644\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u061f \u0623\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0631\u0634”\u060c (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639)\u060c \u062b\u0645 “\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a”. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. (\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0641<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1924-1996)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u063a\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627 *** \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627 *** \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 “\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c … \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629\u060c \u0648”\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646”. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641. \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0648\u0646”<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a (\u063a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0641 (\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646\u062a). \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0624\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f”. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0647 *** \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u0631\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0640 *** \u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627  ***  \u062a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u061f \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0643\u0639\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627 (\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u062d) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 ” \u0623\u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062b\u0627”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a: “\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644”. \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f “\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d”. \u0641\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (Le savoir- faire) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0630. \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u061f \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0630\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u060c ” \u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u062a *** \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u062f. (\u0623\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643 “\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0642”. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 *** \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0644. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 “\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627”. \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647. \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0645.
\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 *** \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0627 *** \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1967. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u00ab C\u2019est avec \u00e9motion que nous contemplions l\u2019ensemble \u00e9difi\u00e9 au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9sert, v\u00e9ritable miracle de la volont\u00e9 humaine. Quelle foi devait animer ces hommes qui s\u2019acharnaient \u00e0 demeurer l\u00e0, d\u00e9fiant les forces de la nature, imposant la vie \u00e0 ces terres arides ! A mon avis, ces Berb\u00e8res aust\u00e8res et opini\u00e2tre, avaient cr\u00e9e quelque chose de plus valable pour l\u2019humanit\u00e9 que les anciens moines asc\u00e9tiques du Sahara oriental. N\u2019ont-ils pas fait surgir des rochers et du sable un jardin fantastique un lieu d\u00e9sormais habitable ? Au point de montrer au monde que lorsque l\u2019intelligence se double, chez l\u2019homme, de vertus spirituelles l\u2019incitant \u00e0 cr\u00e9er plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 m\u00e9diter, \u00e0 capter les sources souterraines d\u2019eau plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 v\u00e9g\u00e9ter sur un sol ingrat, le d\u00e9sert lui-m\u00eame finit par se soumettre \u00e0 sa loi \u00bb. Margaret Pope. (Sahara, \u00e9dit\u00e9 par rencontre, Lausanne, 1968).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0621<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f 23 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2014. \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: Le M’ZAB : Culture – Patrimoine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

bendrissou@gmail.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

__________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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